Chitrali Sitar – its origin, structure & music

Shams Uddin, Booni, Upper Chitral

The Chitrali sitar, a cherished musical instrument of northern Pakistan, is renowned for its beautiful melodies and deep cultural significance. Its notes embody the essence of Chitrali folk music, evoking feelings of love, peace, and nostalgia. Played at local gatherings, the sitar’s music connects listeners with the region’s rich heritage. As Amjad Aslam Amjad expresses in Barish Ki Awaz (2014):

“The melody of the sitar turns every silent pain into soulful music.”

Origins and cultural journey

The Chitrali sitar’s history is intertwined with Persian and Indian influences. Many historians trace its origins back to Amir Khosrow Dehlvi (1253–1325), a celebrated musician and poet from the Delhi Sultanate. Over centuries, the sitar journeyed through Central Asia and Afghanistan to reach Chitral, introduced perhaps by Sufi saints spreading messages of love and peace.

A verse from Rumi’s Diwan-e-Shams Tabrizi reflects the spiritual essence of the sitar:

“This soulful sound doesn’t come from wood, wire, or skin. Where does it come from? It comes from the soul.”

Locally adapted over time, the Chitrali sitar became a symbol of the region’s unique musical and cultural identity, blending with Persian poetry and thriving within Chitral’s artistic landscape.

Structure and craftsmanship

Constructed from mulberry wood, the Chitrali sitar features parts like the hollow soundbox, neck, and thirteen frets. Each sitar takes two to three weeks of careful craftsmanship, with plastic or aluminum frets replacing the traditional sheep intestine, slightly altering its tone. Five steel strings run along the chest, creating a resonant sound that pairs beautifully with Khowar folk singing.

Styles and regional variations

Chitrali sitar music varies by region. In Upper Chitral, the style is slow, emotional, and reflective, with complex rhythms. In Lower Chitral, it is faster and more intense. Classical artists like Bajani Lal, Shah Gul Zar, and Absar Khan made significant contributions, while modern artists such as Ali Zuhoor Khan, known for the “Ali Zuhoor Brand,” have innovated the sound for today’s audiences.

The sitar music’s rhythms – Dani and Sauz – reflect different moods. Dani is soft and soulful, while Sauz is lively and energetic. Pieces like “Arab Khano Dani” and “Rustamo Dani” tell rich cultural stories, even though many original lyrics have faded over time.

The future of Chitrali Sitar

To preserve and grow this art form, collaborative efforts between the government and private sectors are essential. Financial support for artisans and performers can help sustain traditional skills and enhance technical expertise. Encouraging young musicians to study Chitrali sitar at music institutions can also foster innovation while respecting tradition, ensuring this cultural treasure continues to resonate globally.